Questions:
AFAIK, A RTOS is different from an OS specifically because it can react to 'events' (input data) in 'real' time.. This is import in industrial and emergency situatios, among others. The real-time scheduling system allows responses to events to be timed arbitrarilly, instead of when the kernel/mm get around to it.
RTOS also tend to be tiny, fast, and modular and are good candidates for embedding into devices for all these reasons. QNX and RTMS are both good examples of RTOS.
--BenKnowles, adric, 15 Aug 2K